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Ionic Elastomers for Electric Actuators and Sensors Review

Chenrun Feng, C.P. Hemantha Rajapaksha, Antal Jákli

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 5,   Pages 581-602 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.014

Abstract:

In the past decades, ion conductive polymers and elastomers have drawn worldwide attention for their advanced functions in batteries, electroactive soft robotics, and sensors. Stretchable ionic elastomers with dispersed soft ionic moieties such as ionic liquids have gained remarkable attention as soft sensors, in applications such as the wearable devices that are often called electric skins. A considerable amount of research has been done on ionic-elastomer-based strain, pressure, and shear sensors; however, to the best of our knowledge, this research has not yet been reviewed. In this review, we summarize the materials and performance properties of engineered ionic elastomer actuators and sensors. First, we review three classes of ionic elastomer actuators—namely, ionic polymer metal composites, ionic conducting polymers, and ionic polymer/carbon nanocomposites—and provide perspectives for future actuators, such as adaptive four-dimensional (4D) printed systems and ionic liquid crystal elastomers (iLCEs). Next, we review the state of the art of ionic elastomeric strain and pressure sensors. We also discuss future wearable strain sensors for biomechanical applications and sports performance tracking. Finally, we present the preliminary results of iLCE sensors based on flexoelectric signals and their amplification by integrating them with organic electrochemical transistors.

Keywords： Soft robots     Ionic electroactive elastomer     Ionic elastomer sensor     Programmable deformation     Liquid    

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Resistance of large deformation of the Wushaoling Tunnel F7 soft fault

ZHAO Xufeng, CHEN Haiming, WANG Chunmiao

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 1,   Pages 123-127 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0013-3

Abstract: The measurements and techniques are proposed to resist the deformation.

Keywords： F7     deformation     appropriate     construction     mechanical    

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Numerical modeling of nonlinear deformation of polymer composites based on hyperelastic constitutive

Qingsheng YANG, Fang XU

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2009, Volume 4, Issue 3,   Pages 284-288 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0067-0

Abstract: reinforced polymer (FRP) composites exhibit nonlinear and hyperelastic characteristics under finite deformationhyperelastic behavior of fiber reinforced polymer composites using a micromechanical model and finite deformationThe local stress and deformation of a representative volume element are calculated by the nonlinear finiteNumerical examples are given to demonstrate hyperelastic behavior and deformation of the composites,

Keywords： composites     hyperelastic     finite deformation     homogenization     micromechanics    

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A continuous/discontinuous deformation analysis (CDDA) method based on deformable blocks for fracture

Yongchang CAI, Hehua ZHU, Xiaoying ZHUANG

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 369-378 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0222-x

Abstract: In the framework of finite element meshes, a novel continuous/discontinuous deformation analysis (CDDACDDA is particularly suitable for modeling the fracture propagation because the switch from continuous deformationanalysis to discontinuous deformation analysis is natural and convenient without additional procedures

Keywords： fracture     crack     propagation     deformable block     continuous/discontinuous deformation analysis (CDDA)    

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Calculation methods of the crack width and deformation for concrete beams with high-strength steel bars

Jianmin ZHOU, Shuo CHEN, Yang CHEN

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3,   Pages 316-324 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0211-0

Abstract: groups of concrete beams reinforced with high-strength steel bars were tested, and the crack width and deformation

Keywords： concrete beam     high-strength steel bar     crack width     deformation    

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Calculation method of radial stress and deformation on conic threaded connections with interference fit

Shoujun CHEN, Qiang LI, Qi AN,

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2010, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 302-307 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0018-9

Abstract: This paper presents a calculation method for radial stress distribution and deformation on conic threadedThe model offers a new way of calculating the radial stress and deformation on conic thread connections

Keywords： conic threaded connections     interference fit     radial stress     deformation     finite element analysis (FEA)    

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Simulation of blast induced crater in jointed rock mass by discontinuous deformation analysis method

Youjun NING, Xinmei AN, Jun YANG, Guowei MA,

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 2,   Pages 223-232 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0022-5

Abstract: This paper adopts the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method to simulate the rock blasting process

Keywords： blast crater     jointed rock mass     explosion gas pressure     discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method    

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Novel architectures and security solutions of programmable software-defined networking: a comprehensive None

Shen WANG, Jun WU, Wu YANG, Long-hua GUO

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 12,   Pages 1500-1521 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800575

Abstract: this study is to offer a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research on novel advances of programmable

Keywords： Software-defined networking (SDN)     Security     Programmable    

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Rotation errors in numerical manifold method and a correction based on large deformation theory

Ning ZHANG, Xu LI, Qinghui JIANG, Xingchao LIN

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 5,   Pages 1036-1053 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0535-5

Abstract: The first two kind errors are owing to the small deformation assumption and the last one is due to theA large deformation NMM is proposed based on large deformation theory.In this method, the governing equation is derived using Green strain, the large deformation iteration

Keywords： numerical manifold method     rotation     large deformation     Green strain     open-close iteration    

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Deformation control criterion of shield tunnel under lateral relaxation of soft soil

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 5,   Pages 780-795 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0944-3

Abstract: However, deformation control standards for such situations have not been clearly defined.Subsequently, a deformation control criterion is established.Based on the mechanical pattern of the segment structure and the acoustic emission, the deformation responseof a segment can be classified into three stages: elastic and quasi-elastic, damage, and rapid deformationHowever, the segment deformation must be controlled when the ellipticity is 2.71% to 3.12%; in this regard

Keywords： shield tunnel     lateral relaxation of soil     deformation control criterion of segment structure     model    

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Deformation field and crack analyses of concrete using digital image correlation method

Yijie HUANG, Xujia HE, Qing WANG, Jianzhuang XIAO

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 5,   Pages 1183-1199 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0545-3

Abstract: The study on the deformation distribution and crack propagation of concrete under axial compression wasTest results also showed that the transverse and shear deformation concentration areas (DCAs) were formed

Keywords： deformation filed distribution     crack development     digital image correlation method     mechanical properties     water-cement ratio     characteristics of deformation and crack    

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Dynamic analysis of composite beam subjected to harmonic moving load based on the third-order shear deformation

Mohammad Javad REZVANIL, Mohammad Hossein KARGARNOVIN, Davood YOUNESIAN

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2011, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 409-418 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0245-8

Abstract: response of an infinite Timoshenko beam subjected to a harmonic moving load based on the third-order shear deformationmethod, the results TSDT are compared with the previously obtained results based on first-order shear deformation

Keywords： timoshenko composite beam     pasternak viscoelastic foundation     third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT    

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Programmable Adaptive Security Scanning for Networked Microgrids Article

Zimin Jiang, Zefan Tang, Peng Zhang, Yanyuan Qin

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 8,   Pages 1087-1100 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.06.007

Abstract: In this study, a programmable adaptive security scanning (PASS) approach is presented to protect DERsoftware-defined networking technique and a novel coordinated detection method capable of enabling programmable

Keywords： Networked microgrids     Programmable adaptive security scanning     Coordinated detection     Software defined    

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Seismic effects on reinforcement load and lateral deformation of geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4,   Pages 1001-1015 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0734-8

Abstract: are used to determine the required connection strength and to approximately assess the facing lateral deformationand secondary reinforcement are conducted to investigate seismic impacts on the stability and lateral deformation

Keywords： geosynthetics     reinforced soil     retaining walls     seismic performance    

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Experimental investigation of the influence on static and cyclic deformation of structural soft clay

CHEN Yunmin, CHEN Yingping, HUANG Bo

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 4,   Pages 422-429 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0057-4

Abstract: This paper presents the experimental results performed to study the static and cyclic deformation behavior

Keywords： consolidation     deformation     experimental     undisturbed    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Ionic Elastomers for Electric Actuators and Sensors

Chenrun Feng, C.P. Hemantha Rajapaksha, Antal Jákli

Journal Article

Resistance of large deformation of the Wushaoling Tunnel F7 soft fault

ZHAO Xufeng, CHEN Haiming, WANG Chunmiao

Journal Article

Numerical modeling of nonlinear deformation of polymer composites based on hyperelastic constitutive

Qingsheng YANG, Fang XU

Journal Article

A continuous/discontinuous deformation analysis (CDDA) method based on deformable blocks for fracture

Yongchang CAI, Hehua ZHU, Xiaoying ZHUANG

Journal Article

Calculation methods of the crack width and deformation for concrete beams with high-strength steel bars

Jianmin ZHOU, Shuo CHEN, Yang CHEN

Journal Article

Calculation method of radial stress and deformation on conic threaded connections with interference fit

Shoujun CHEN, Qiang LI, Qi AN,

Journal Article

Simulation of blast induced crater in jointed rock mass by discontinuous deformation analysis method

Youjun NING, Xinmei AN, Jun YANG, Guowei MA,

Journal Article

Novel architectures and security solutions of programmable software-defined networking: a comprehensive

Shen WANG, Jun WU, Wu YANG, Long-hua GUO

Journal Article

Rotation errors in numerical manifold method and a correction based on large deformation theory

Ning ZHANG, Xu LI, Qinghui JIANG, Xingchao LIN

Journal Article

Deformation control criterion of shield tunnel under lateral relaxation of soft soil

Journal Article

Deformation field and crack analyses of concrete using digital image correlation method

Yijie HUANG, Xujia HE, Qing WANG, Jianzhuang XIAO

Journal Article

Dynamic analysis of composite beam subjected to harmonic moving load based on the third-order shear deformation

Mohammad Javad REZVANIL, Mohammad Hossein KARGARNOVIN, Davood YOUNESIAN

Journal Article

Programmable Adaptive Security Scanning for Networked Microgrids

Zimin Jiang, Zefan Tang, Peng Zhang, Yanyuan Qin

Journal Article

Seismic effects on reinforcement load and lateral deformation of geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls

Journal Article

Experimental investigation of the influence on static and cyclic deformation of structural soft clay

CHEN Yunmin, CHEN Yingping, HUANG Bo

Journal Article